Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Modern science is, to a large extent, a model-building activity. But how are models contructed? How are they related to theories and data? How do they explain complex scientific phenomena, and which role do computer simulations play here? These questions have kept philosophers of science busy for many years, and much work has been done to identify modeling as the central activity of theoretical science. At the same time, these questions have been addressed by methodologically-minded scientists, albeit from a different point of view. While philosophers typically have an eye on general aspects of scientific modeling, scientists typically take their own science as the starting point and are often more concerned with specific methodological problems. There is, however, also much common ground in middle, where philosophers and scientists can engage in a productive dialogue, as the present volume demonstrates. To do so, the editors of this volume have invited eight leading scientists from cosmology, climate science, social science, chemical engeneering and neuroscience to reflect upon their modeling work, and eight philosophers of science to provide a commentary.

Complexity (Philosophy) --- Science --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Philosophy. --- methods --- methodology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Science --- Philosophy and science --- Philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy and science. --- Science and philosophy --- Mental philosophy --- philosophy --- philosophy of science --- science --- Humanities --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Unity of science was once a very popular idea among both philosophers and scientists. But it has fallen out of fashion, largely because of its association with reductionism and the challenge from multiple realisation. Pluralism and the disunity of science are the new norm, and higher-level natural kinds and special science laws are considered to have an important role in scientific practice. What kind of reductionism does multiple realisability challenge? What does it take to reduce one phenomenon to another? How do we determine which kinds are natural? What is the ontological basis of unity? In this Element, Tuomas Tahko examines these questions from a contemporary perspective, after a historical overview. The upshot is that there is still value in the idea of a unity of science. We can combine a modest sense of unity with pluralism and give an ontological analysis of unity in terms of natural kind monism.

Science --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- metaphysics; philosophy of science; natural kinds; reduction; realisation; Metaphysics of Science; levels of nature; unity --- Science--Philosophy --- Ontology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Science --- Sciences --- History --- Periodicals. --- Philosophy --- Histoire --- Périodiques --- Philosophie --- history of science --- philosophy of science --- Baltic states --- History of Europe --- Science. --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences - General --- baltic states --- Natural sciences

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This open-access book is the first to investigate the roots of Logical Empiricism in the context of the Life Reform and the German Youth Movements. Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach are the key protagonists; they both belonged to the German Youth Movement and developed their early philosophical views in this setting. By combining scholarly essays with unpublished and hard to access manuscripts, letters, and articles, this volume recasts our understanding of the early years of Logical Empiricism.

Philosophy of science --- European history --- The Logical Structure of the World --- Life Reform Movement --- Vienna Circle --- Logical Empircism --- The German Youth Movement --- Science --- Europe --- Philosophy of Science. --- European History. --- Philosophy. --- History. --- Gay culture Europe --- Normal science